Detecting electrical oscillations.



PATENTED APR. 14,' 1908.

G. MARCONI. DETECTING ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS.

` APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1903.

` Wig/.51'

GUGLIELMO MARCONI, OF LONDON, ENGLAND-ASSIGNOR To MARCON WIRELESS TELE-y GRAPH COMPANY OF AMERICA-,A CORPORATION AoF NEW JERSEY.

DETEGTING ELECTRICAL SQILLATIONS. i

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patenteaaprii '14, 1908.

original application mea November 2s, 1902, serial No. 132,974.- Diviaea and this 'application med Fetum'y 2, 1903.

serial No. nascal To all whom 'it may concern: Be 1t known that I, GUGLIELMO MAR- CONI, a subject of theKin of Italy, and aj The objecthof this invention isto detectk electr1cal oscillations, suchas Hertzian waves propagated at a distant oint, such detection ein accomplished wit `out the necessityof emp oying special wave-responding devices, now interchangeably designated .coherers,;y

decoherers, anti-coherers, imperfect contacts, etc. l l v In the carryingout-ofm present'improve ments, I avall myself of t e discoveryfmade" by me, that if, at a receiving-station, a magnetic coil be maintainedin a eld created in-` dependently of received oscillationsf' and a receiving-instrument be connected with sai-d field, the'received'osci-ll'ations ma beutilizedV to varyLthe -current of the circuit oft'tlllie re t e re-pk ceiving-lnstrument, so as. lto' render celved signal intelllgible..

My present theory of after described is `as follows, although I intend to claim this method broadly,whether this theory is correct or notz-It is a'well known fact that after any change has taken', place 1n the magnetic force acting on a piece 'of lron, some time elapses-before the'corre- .spending change in the magnetic state ofthe lron is completed. If the Aapplied magnetic force be either subjected |to a gradualincrease followed by an equally gradual diminution or caused toeect a cyclicvariation,

the correspondin induced magnetic variation in the iron w1 l lag behind vthe changes inl the applied force. To thistendency to. lag behind, lrof. Ewing4` Ihas `given the name magnetic hysteresis. Y by Gerosa, Finzi, .and others that theeect of alternatin reduce considerably the e ects ofmagnetic hysteresis, causing the metal to respond' inch lane, London,l

the method hereind" y j .'and an adjacent ma It has been shown also j currents or high frequency-' electrical oscl lations actln upon lron'is to.

tends to alter itsma etic condition. The eflectof electrical Oscl lations probably is to bring about a momentary release of the molecules/of iron from the constraint (or vis'- cosity) in which theyr areordinarily held,. di-

minishing' 'their retentiveness and consequently, decreasing the la in the magnetic variation taking p ace in t e iron. I, there` fore, anticipated that the grou of electric Waves emitted 'by each spark-o a Hertzian radiator would, if caused to act upon a piece ofiron which is being subjected at the SameV time to the slowly .varying magneticl force, roduce sudden variations in its magnetic ysteresis, which variations would produce .others of a suddenpr jerky nature in ltsmagnetic condition. In other words, .thema netizati-on ofthe iron, insteadof slowly fo Vlowing the variations of the'magnetic force "applied, would at each spark of the transmitter suddenly diminish its magnetic lag caused byhysteresis. These jerks in the magnetic condition of the viron would cause induced currents'in a coil of wire of strength sufficient to allow the si nalstransmitte d tolbe detected intelligib y on a telephone, or perhaps even read on a galvanometer. The jerks 1n the magnetic condition of the iron might also bedetected' by' ay telephone diaphragm .applied directly tlnjaretof4 ,'Ihevdrawiugs show twotus, invented by me and constituting the subject-matter of a plication, Seri-,al No.. 1'32,974," led by' me ovember 28, 1902, for' 'Letters Patentof the VUnited States, which may be em' `loyedinthe detectionof electrical osci ations--inaccord81nc -with my present' invention,''althou h my present inveiitionis not-limited tot fe use of theapparatus disclosed in'tliatspecication Figure 1 is a front view of an apparatus forms of apparf' having aficore andan adjacent magnet,

which ma Abe stationary, or either one or both of w 'ch may be movable; Figi-2 is an end View of said apparatusjfFig, 3 1s a front view of an apparatus havm a movable core,

et whlch maybe veither stationary ory mova le; 'and Fig. 4 is an end viewof the appara'tusvof Fig.3.`

j Each form of apparatusembodiesan aerial A, .connected to oneend of a coil b, the other endofsaid coil being connected to earth, E. The coil b, in Figs. 1 and 2, is'wound about the .bent stationarycore a, while, in. Figs. 3

and 4, said coil is wound about an insulating tube g, through which an endless wire band,

'@,constituting the core is moved by meansofthe pulleys e e. ln Figs. 1 and 2, the magnet dis suspended above the core a, soas to create a magnetic field therethrough, and if this magnet is rotated above the core, by the also a reversal of thedirection ofthe field,

' .due tothe alternate reversal of the position lations by 'of the pole-ends with respect to the core.

In the structure shown in'Figs. 3 vand 4, the magnet d, is shown as composed of a pair of permanent magnets, and is disposed adjacent to the coilb, and has its extremepoleends located at either end of the insulating tube, g, and a magnetic field which includes said magnets d, and the portion of .the wire within said tube, is thus created. It is ob-` vious thatinstead of permanent magnets, an

electro-magnet might be employed- With 25 either form ofinagnet, if. the wire is moved through -the tube the position of the field in increasing and diminishing thefstrengthor potential of the field, in that part .of the iron wire 'which is approaching and departing from the poles ofthe magnets. The magnet d, Whether a permanent or electrical magnet,

Amay 'be disposed stationary with respect to the coil b, -or may be movable with relation thereto.

B; these methods, the core a, 'which may not e sensibly affected by electrical oscillations, or lHertzian. waves, under ordinary circumstances, becomes sensitive to such oscillations when placed in the magneticfield, and,'in such event, oscillations received by the aerial A and the coil connected there- Iwith, cause rapid changes in the magnetizationof the core, or otherwise affect the receiving circuit. These rapid changes, in the forms `of apparatus illustrated, produce ind ucedcurrents in another coil, c, included'in circuit with a telephone, T, or other instrument, wherein the induced currentsv are rendered intelligible as definite signals.

Mylnew method may be carried out by other forms of apparatus than those described and shown, an I do not, therefore, wish to-be understood as thereto.

I claim:

1. The method of detecting electrical oscillations which consists in receiving said oscillimiting 'my invention magnetic field, which field is created independently of received oscillations and of the lapparatus which renders received oscillations intelligible, substantially as described.

2.' The method of detecting electrical loscillations which consists'in receiving said oscilvaried independently the core will be' constantly changed, therebyy means of a coil maintained in a.

lations by means of a coil maintained in a magnetic field, which field is continually of the oscillations, substantially as described.

3. The method of detecting electrical oscillations which consists in receiving said oscillations'by ymeans of a coil maintained in a magnetic field,'which field is periodically reversed, substantially as described.

4. The method of detecting electrical oscillations which consists in receiving saidf osvcillations by means of. a coil maintained in a `ma etic field, which field isv continually varie v durin `therecei t of the oscillations, substantia y as described.

5. The method of detecting electrical osi cillationswhich consists in creating a ma netic field at a receivin station indepen(` ently of received `osciligationa inductively connecting With said field an instrument ad'a ted to render the received oscillations inte ligible, and utilizing the received oscillations to-vary the current of the circuit of said instrument, substantially as described.

6. Thegmethod of detecting' electrical escillations which consists in varying a ma netic field' at a receiving-station indepen ently of received oscillations, inductively connecting with said field an instrumen-t ada 'ted to render the received oscillations inte igible, and utilizing the received oscillations to independently vary the current of the circuit of said instrument, substantially as described. A

7. The method' of detecting electrical oscillations which consists in periodically remagnetization of said'field, whereby the device aforesaid, 'affected by the chan es of ma etization, is made operative, su stantia y as described.

9. The method of detecting electrical oscillations, which consists in creating, at a receivin -station, a varying or movin ma netic eld, causin received electrica osc` lations to alter tie magnetization of said field, and employing such vchan es to render operative a si al-receiving meclianism, substantially as gscribed.

10. As an improvement in the art of signaling by electro-nia etic waves, the method herein describel which consists in changing by electro-magnetic waves the as'described.

field is created indepen entl of the receiptof the oscillations, substantia ly as described.

13. The` method of detecting electrical os`-,

cillations, which consists in receivingsaid oscillations by means of a Wave-responsive device comprising a coil located in a constantly-varying magnetic field, substantially 14. The method of detecting electrical oscillations, which consists in receiving said oscillations by means of a coil maintalned in a magnetic field, whichv field is varied independently of the oscillations, substantially as described.

15. The method of detecting electrical .os-

cillations, Which consists in receiving said oscillations by means of a coil maintained in a magnetic field, which field is varied during 17. ,In a wire the receipt of oscillations and independently thereof, substantially as described.-

16. In a wireless telegraph system, the method of detecting electrical oscillations of high frequency, which consists in creating a magnetic field at a receiving station, varying the said field by the movement of a'body therein, modifying the said field b the received-oscillations and utilizing t e modification in the field to create intelligible sigas described.

\ ess telegraph system, the method of detectin electrical oscillations of high frequency, which' consists in creating at a receiving station a magnetic field through nals, substantiallly `a circuit composed Vof elements of different permeability, var ing said field by the relative movement o said elements', modifyin said field by the received oscillations an utilizin the modification in said'field to create intelligible signals, substantially as described. 1

18. The method of detecting electrical oscillations Which consists in subjecting tothe effect of such oscillations a magnetlc body which is also subjected at the same time to a v rising and falling magnetic excitation.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, this 27th day of January, 1903. GUGLIELMO MARCONI. In presence of- 4WILLIAM H. BERRIGAN, JAMES J. CosGRovn. 

